Pathogen:
A micro-organism which can cause, or causes disease or damage to a host.
Basic Reproduction Number (R0):
The average number of secondary cases produced by a single infected case in an otherwise susceptible population.
Case fatality ratio (CFR):
The proportion of detected cases of a given disease that die as a result of it.
Cluster:
An aggregation of cases grouped in place and time that are suspected to be greater than the number expected, even though the expected number may not be known.
Effective Reproduction Number:
The average number of secondary cases arising from an infected case, with a given level of immunity in the population.
Endemic:
Refers to the constant presence, and/or usual prevalence of an infectious disease in a population within a geographic area. The amount of a particular disease that is usually present in a community is referred to as the baseline or endemic level of the disease.
Epidemic:
The occurrence of disease cases in excess of normal expectancy, usually referring to a larger geographical area than "outbreak".
Exposed:
A contact between a susceptible and infected person that could potentially lead to infection.
Fatality Rate of Infections (FRI):
The proportion of overall infections that die as a result of it.
Incidence:
The number of new infections during a given interval of time (for example, weekly incidence).
Incubation period:
Period between exposure and onset of clinical symptoms.
Infectious period:
The length of time for which an infected individual is infectious to others.
Latent period:
Period between exposure and ability to transmit to others.
Outbreak:
The occurrence of disease cases in excess of normal expectancy, usually referring to a smaller geographical area than "epidemic".
Pandemic:
An epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of individuals.
Prevalence:
The number of infected people in a population at a given point in time.
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